Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a versatile group of nanomachines that can
horizontally transfer DNA through conjugation and deliver effector proteins into a wide range …

Bacteria have been constantly competing for nutrients and space for billions of years. During
this time, they have evolved many different molecular mechanisms by which to secrete …

Conjugation is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic materials in a unidirectional
manner from a donor cell to a recipient cell. The discovery of conjugation signalled the dawn …

Colonization of the human stomach with Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag
pathogenicity island is a risk factor for development of gastric cancer. The cag pathogenicity …

In this review, we highlight progress in the last year in characterizing known virulence factors
like flagella and the Cag type IV secretion system with sophisticated structural and …

Legionella pneumophila is an opportunistic pathogen that causes the potentially fatal
pneumonia Legionnaires' Disease. This infection and subsequent pathology require the …

Highlights•Cryo-electron tomography (cryoET) subtomogram averaging has emerged as a
structural biology method for sparse and heterogenerous sampls.•CryoET subtomogram …

Acidification of the gastric lumen poses a barrier to transit of potentially pathogenic bacteria
and enables activation of pepsin to complement nutrient proteolysis initiated by salivary …