The transdermal route of drugs has received increased attention in recent years due to
numerous advantages over the oral and injectable routes, such as avoidance of the hepatic …

The skin is responsible for several important physiological functions and has enormous
clinical significance in wound healing. Tissue engineered substitutes may be used in …

Background Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a known irritant, and potentially cross-reacting
quaternary ammonium compounds are commonly used as preservatives in personal care …

This review aims to be an update of Bioengineered Artificial Skin Substitutes (BASS)
applications. At the first moment, they were created as an attempt to replace native skin …

Epithelial barriers are the body's natural defense system to regulating passage from one
domain to another. In our efforts to understand what can and cannot cross these barriers …

In vitro absorption through human skin is a critical component in the safety assessment of
chemicals, crop protection products, consumer healthcare products and cosmetics. A barrier …

Background Unprotected chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation generates many
harmful effects to human skin and sunscreens are essential to health, however, traditional …

Hitherto, for the approval of a topical generic drug product, the majority of the regulatory
agencies require clinical endpoint studies to prove its therapeutic equivalence in relation to …

Skin is a rather complex, yet useful organ of our body. Besides, skin aging is a complicated
process that gains a growing interest as mediates many molecular processes in our body …

Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous gland in the hair follicle.
Commonly used external medications cause skin irritation, and the transdermal capacity is …