Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine
particulate matter (PM2. 5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less …

Low back pain (LBP), a prevalent and costly disease around the world, is predominantly
caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD). LBP also presents a substantial …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributing factor for discogenic low back
pain (LBP), causing a significant global disability. The IVD consists of an inner core …

Low back pain (LBP), as a leading cause of disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder
that results in major social and economic burdens. Recent research has identified …

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a major cause of disability and morbidity globally and
result in enormous costs for health and social care systems. Development of cell-based …

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common cause of discogenic low back pain resulting in
significant disability. Current conservative or surgical intervention treatments do not reverse …

Background Intervertebral disc degeneration is a common condition with few inexpensive
and effective modes of treatment, but current investigations seek to clarify the underlying …

The healthy intervertebral disc (IVD) fulfils the essential function of load absorption, while
maintaining multi-axial flexibility of the spine. The interrelated tissues of the IVD, the annulus …

The purpose of this review was to evaluate data generated by animal models of
intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration published in the last decade and show how this has …

Low back pain is a highly prevalent, chronic, and costly medical condition predominantly
triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). IDD is often caused by structural and …