During evolution, the cerebral cortex advances by increasing in surface and the introduction
of new cytoarchitectonic areas among which the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to be …

Dopamine-releasing neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have central roles in
reward-related and goal-directed behaviours. VTA dopamine-releasing neurons are …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is well known for regulating reward consumption, learning,
memory, and addiction behaviors through mediating dopamine (DA) release in downstream …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

Successful goal-directed behavior critically depends on performance monitoring, a set of
cognitive and affective functions determining whether adaptive control is needed and, if so …

Many of the brain's reward systems converge on the nucleus accumbens, a region richly
innervated by excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory afferents representing the circuitry …

Network oscillations support transient communication across brain structures. We show
here, in rats, that task-related neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), the …

The mesocorticolimbic dopamine system is essential for cognitive and emotive brain
functions and is thus an important target in major brain diseases like schizophrenia, drug …

Background Over the last several years, it has become apparent that there are critical
problems with the hypothesis that brain dopamine (DA) systems, particularly in the nucleus …

Coincident signaling by dopamine and glutamate is thought to be crucial for a variety of
motivated behaviors. Previous work has suggested that some midbrain dopamine neurons …