Niacin (also known as “vitamin B3” or “vitamin PP”) includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and
nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) …

With the in-depth development of the market economy and the acceleration of the process of
urbanization, a large number of people have poured into the city, and a large number of …

Some scholars have recently developed the concept of PANoptosis in the study of infectious
diseases where pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis act in consort in a multimeric protein …

Ischemic stroke affects over 77 million people annually around the globe. Due to the
blockage of a blood vessel caused by a stroke, brain tissue becomes ischemic. While …

Retinal ischemia is involved in the occurrence and development of various eye diseases,
including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and central retinal artery occlusion. To the best of …

Crosstalk mechanisms between pericytes, endothelial cells, and astrocytes preserve
integrity and function of the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) under physiological conditions. Long …

Stem cells offer the basis for the promotion of robust new therapeutic approaches for a
variety of human disorders. There are still many limitations to be overcome before clinical …

Stroke causes death and disability globally but no neuroprotectant is approved for post-
stroke neuronal injury. Neuroprotective compounds can be identified using oxygen glucose …

Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) can produce hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity and is a
mature in vitro model of hypoxic cell damage. Activated AMP-activated protein kinase …

Abstract Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological mechanism in many
retinal diseases, which can lead to cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction. Voltage …