Degeneration of central cholinergic neurons impairs memory, and enhancement of
cholinergic synapses improves cognitive processes. Cholinergic signaling is also anti …

The signaling pathway of the microtubule-associated protein kinase or extracellular
regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) is a common mechanism of extracellular information …

Neurons in the hippocampus exhibit a striking selectivity for specific combinations of sensory
features, forming representations that are thought to subserve episodic memory. Even …

Hyperkinetic states are common in human movement disorders, but their neural basis
remains uncertain. One such condition is dyskinesia, a serious adverse effect of medical and …

The activation of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is controlled by a glutamate-
binding site and a distinct, independently regulated, co-agonist-binding site. In most brain …

Acetylcholine plays an essential role in fundamental aspects of cognition. Studies that have
mapped the activity and functional connectivity of cholinergic neurons have shown that the …

Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in
neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

Highlights•Acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin all facilitate long-term
synaptic plasticity.•Neuromodulators facilitate long-term synaptic plasticity by common and …

Episodic memory formation and recall are complementary processes that rely on opposing
neuronal computations in the hippocampus. How this conflict is resolved in hippocampal …

Cholinergic neurotransmission throughout the neocortex and hippocampus regulates
arousal, learning, and attention. However, owing to the poorly characterized timing and …