The generation of the components that make up the embryonic body axis, such as the spinal
cord and vertebral column, takes place in an anterior-to-posterior (head-to-tail) direction …

The developmental origin of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has been increasingly
recognized as a major determinant for regional susceptibility or resistance to vascular …

Neuromuscular networks assemble during early human embryonic development and are
essential for the control of body movement. Previous neuromuscular junction modeling …

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is derived from both the vagal and sacral component of
the neural crest (NC). Here, we present the derivation of sacral ENS precursors from human …

Pericytes play essential roles in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and dysfunction or
degeneration of pericytes is implicated in a set of neurological disorders although the …

Stem cell technologies including self-assembling 3D tissue models provide access to early
human neurodevelopment and fundamental insights into neuropathologies. Gastruloid …

The human nervous system is a highly complex but organized organ. The foundation of its
complexity and organization is laid down during regional patterning of the neural tube, the …

Neural induction in vertebrates generates a CNS that extends the rostral-caudal length of
the body. The prevailing view is that neural cells are initially induced with anterior (forebrain) …

The complex neuromuscular network that controls body movements is the target of severe
diseases that result in paralysis and death. Here, we report the development of a robust and …

Rostro-caudal patterning of vertebrates depends on the temporally progressive activation of
HOX genes within axial stem cells that fuel axial embryo elongation. Whether the pace of …