Faithful translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into protein is essential to maintain protein
homeostasis in the cell. Spontaneous translation errors are very rare due to stringent …

Accurate protein synthesis (translation) relies on translation factors that rectify ribosome
fluctuations into a unidirectional process. Understanding this process requires structural …

The dynamic ribosome–translocon complex, which resides at the endoplasmic reticulum
(ER) membrane, produces a major fraction of the human proteome,. It governs the synthesis …

Peptide-chain elongation during protein synthesis entails sequential aminoacyl-tRNA
selection and translocation reactions that proceed rapidly (2–20 per second) and with a low …

Translation of the genetic code into proteins is realized through repetitions of synchronous
translocation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNA) through the ribosome …

In all species, ribosomes synthesize proteins by faithfully decoding messenger RNA (mRNA)
nucleotide sequences using aminoacyl-tRNA substrates. Current knowledge of the …

During translation, a conserved GTPase elongation factor—EF-G in bacteria or eEF2 in
eukaryotes—translocates tRNA and mRNA through the ribosome. EF-G has been proposed …

A widespread strategy employed by pathogens to establish infection is to inhibit host-cell
protein synthesis. Legionella pneumophila, an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the …

Translation of aberrant messenger RNAs can cause stalling of ribosomes resulting in
ribosomal collisions. Collided ribosomes are specifically recognized to initiate stress …

One of the most critical steps of protein synthesis is coupled translocation of messenger
RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) required to advance the mRNA reading frame by …