A wide variety of insects use spatial memories in behaviours like holding a position in air or
flowing water, in returning to a place of safety, and in foraging. The Hymenoptera, in …

Highlights•Visual and multimodal memory of locations could be stored in the mushroom
bodies.•Central complex provides aspatial reference frame for integration of directional …

Insect navigation arises from the coordinated action of concurrent guidance systems but the
neural mechanisms through which each functions, and are then coordinated, remains …

Animals navigate a wide range of distances, from a few millimeters to globe-spanning
journeys of thousands of kilometers. Despite this array of navigational challenges, similar …

In situations with redundant or competing sensory information, humans have been shown to
perform cue integration, weighting different cues according to their certainty in a quantifiably …

Diverse invertebrate species have been used for studies of learning and comparative
cognition. Although we have gained invaluable information from this, in this study we argue …

Ants are efficient navigators, guided by path integration and visual landmarks. Path
integration is the primary strategy in landmark-poor habitats, but landmarks are readily used …

The ability of bees and ants to learn long visually guided routes in complex environments is
perhaps one of the most spectacular pieces of evidence for the impressive power of their …

Solitary foraging insects display stunning navigational behaviours in visually complex
natural environments. Current literature assumes that these insects are mostly driven by …

Desert ants make use of various navigational techniques, including path integration and
visual route following, to forage efficiently in their extremely hostile environment. Species …