Background Fine particulate matter< 2.5 µm in diameter (PM2. 5) has known effects on
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the …

Oxidative stress is a potential mechanism of action for particulate matter (PM) toxicity and
can occur when the body's antioxidant capacity cannot counteract or detoxify harmful effects …

The prevalence of allergic airway diseases such as asthma and rhinitis has increased
dramatically to epidemic proportions worldwide. Besides air pollution from industry derived …

The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role for the
maintenance of cellular processes and functions in the body. However, the excessive …

The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their
underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the …

Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells, which provide a complex and adaptive
module that ensures first-line defense against external toxics, irritants, antigens, and …

In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

Air pollution is associated with increased cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity and
mortality. The mechanisms of air pollution‐induced health effects involve oxidative stress …

Epidemiological studies demonstrated an association between increased levels of ambient
air pollution particles and human morbidity and mortality. Production of oxidants, either …

Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and
informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to …