In 1983–1984, the sea urchin Diadema antillarum suffered mass mortality throughout the
Caribbean, Florida, and Bermuda. The demise of this herbivore contributed to a phase shift …

Outbreaks of disease in herbivorous sea urchins have led to ecosystem phase shifts from
urchin barrens to kelp beds (forests) on temperate rocky reefs, and from coral to macroalgal …

The sea urchin Diadema setosum is an ecological key species across its range, particularly
on coral reefs. In 2006 D. setosum was first observed in the Mediterranean Sea, and since, it …

Sea urchins are highly abundant in the marine ecosystem where they graze limiting algal
biomass and also serving as food for other predators. In this work, the presence of …

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a syndrome caused by the ingestion of fish contaminated
with Ciguatoxins (CTXs). These phycotoxins are produced mainly by dinoflagellates that …

A widespread mass mortality event of the sea urchin Diadema africanum was detected in the
subtropical eastern Atlantic, extending from Madeira to the Canary Islands, covering a …

Many sea urchins can detect light on their body surface and some species are reported to
possess image-resolving vision. Here, we measure the spatial resolution of vision in the …

Relationships between sea urchins and noncrustose macroalgae are typically nonlinear,
and an abrupt phase shift from a barren to a macroalgae‐dominated state and vice versa …

Echinoderms are marine water invertebrates that are represented by more than 7000 extant
species, grouped in five classes and showing diverse morphologies (starfish, sea lilies …

Ocean warming and acidification are the two most significant side effects of carbone dioxide
emissions in the world's oceans. By changing water, temperature and pH are the main …