The vascular endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells (EC), constitutes the inner
cellular lining of arteries, veins and capillaries and therefore is in direct contact with the …

Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to hemodynamic forces, which modulate EC
functions and vascular biology/pathobiology in health and disease. The flow patterns and …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a unique selective barrier for the central nervous system
(CNS), hinders the passage of most compounds to the CNS, complicating drug …

Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death in the developed world and nearly the leading
cause in the developing world, is associated with systemic risk factors including …

Blood is a two-phase suspension of formed elements (ie, red blood cells [RBCs], white blood
cells [WBCs], platelets) suspended in an aqueous solution of organic molecules, proteins …

Blood vessels are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces in the form of cyclic stretch
and shear stress due to the pulsatile nature of blood pressure and flow. Endothelial cells …

Cell alignment plays a critical role in various cell behaviors including cytoskeleton
reorganization, membrane protein relocation, nucleus gene expression, and ECM …

As blood flows, the vascular wall is constantly subjected to physical forces, which regulate
important physiological blood vessel responses, as well as being implicated in the …

The endothelium that lines the interior of blood vessels is directly exposed to blood flow. The
shear stress arising from blood flow is “sensed” by the endothelium and is “transduced” into …

Suspension culture remains a popular modality, which manipulates mechanical culture
conditions to maintain the specialized features of cultured cells. The rotating-wall vessel is a …