Commonly used methods to simulate the oxidation–reduction (redox) titration curves include
the three-step method and the rigorous method. The simple three-step method simulates the …

Acid–base titration concepts and experiments are ubiquitous, yet challenging, aspects of the
general chemistry curriculum. Most general chemistry courses include at least one acid …

A survey of 21 free online buffer calculators and apps found only 2 that correctly calculated
pH under conditions where [H+] and [OH–] cannot be ignored in the ratio term of the …

Precipitation titrations are fundamental techniques in analytical chemistry, offering simplicity
and generating a large data set in a short time. This laboratory experiment introduced …

Titration is an important experimental skill that every chemistry educator and learner must
master. Titration is often the method of choice in the science laboratory courses in secondary …

This work developed a simulation program for oxidation–reduction (redox) titration curves,
incorporating two algorithms (the three-step and uniform potential methods). The program …

The double-indicator method is often used in the analysis of Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and NaOH
mixtures (carbonate mixtures). In this method, the determination of the volumes at the first …

El Ecuador es el mayor exportador de banano en el mundo, donde su aportación en las
exportaciones totales está alrededor del 31%. El tipo de producto que se comercializa es el …