An ultimate goal in retina science is to understand how the neural circuit of the retina
processes natural visual scenes. Yet most studies in laboratories have long been performed …

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) assists stabilization of the retinal image during head rotation.
OKN is driven by ON direction selective retinal ganglion cells (ON DSGCs), which encode …

Visual processing starts at the retina of the eye, and signals are then transferred primarily to
the visual cortex and the tectum. In the retina, multiple neural networks encode different …

Visual input to the hypothalamus from intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells
(ipRGCs) influences several functions including circadian entrainment, body temperature …

To maintain a stable and clear image of the world, our eyes reflexively follow the direction in
which a visual scene is moving. Such gaze-stabilization mechanisms reduce image blur as …

During nervous system development, neurons choose synaptic partners with remarkable
specificity; however, the cell-cell recognition mechanisms governing rejection of …

The detection of visual motion is a fundamental function of the visual system. How motion
speed and direction are computed together at the cellular level, however, remains largely …

The detection of motion direction is a fundamental visual function and a classic model for
neural computation. In the non-primate retina, direction selectivity arises in starburst …

Across species, the optokinetic reflex (OKR) stabilizes vision during self-motion. OKR occurs
when ON direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (oDSGCs) detect slow, global image …

The sensory periphery is responsible for detecting ethologically relevant features of the
external world, using compact, predominantly feedforward circuits. Visual motion is a …