The human microbiome is composed of a collection of dynamic microbial communities that
inhabit various anatomical locations in the body. Accordingly, the coevolution of the …

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPDs) are episodes of
symptom worsening 1 that have significant adverse consequences for patients. 2 The …

Over 200 years ago, René Laennec published the first description of emphysema, an
important pathobiological element of what is today known as chronic obstructive pulmonary …

In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), exacerbations (ECOPD), characterized
by an acute deterioration in respiratory symptoms, are fundamental events impacting …

The healthy lung was long thought of as sterile, but recent advances using molecular
sequencing approaches have detected bacteria at low levels. Healthy lung bacteria largely …

The lungs were long thought to be sterile until technical advances uncovered the presence
of the lung microbial community. The microbiome of healthy lungs is mainly derived from the …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death
worldwide. While COPD is a mainly chronic disease, a substantial number of patients suffer …

Culture-independent microbiological techniques have shown a previously unappreciated
complexity to the bacterial microbiome of the respiratory tract that forces reconsideration of …

Oral diseases, such as caries and periodontitis, not only have local effects on the dentition
and on tooth‐supporting tissues but also may impact a number of systemic conditions …

Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17 (Suppl. 6): E1–E59 Abstract This document is an update of
Guidelines published in 2005 and now includes scientific publications through to May 2010 …