Most carbonatites were emplaced in continental extensional settings and range in age from
Archean to recent. They commonly coexist with alkaline silicate igneous rocks, forming …

Abstract Tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) are essential metals in modern society. Their use
in corrosion prevention, micro-electronics, specialty alloys and high-strength low-alloy …

A comprehensive account of ore-forming processes, revised and updated The revised
second edition of Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes offers a guide to the multiplicity of …

Demand for the rare earth elements (REE, lanthanide elements) is estimated to be
increasing at a rate of about 8% per year due to increasing applications in consumer …

Niobium is a critical metal in high demand because of technological advances and the
supply risk created by the fact that over 90% of its production is by a single country (Brazil) …

Abstract The Araxá Complex is a significant source of mineral deposits, including Nb, P, Ba,
LREE, and Fe. These deposits are formed by weathering phlogopite-rich rocks and …

Pyrochlore is a common accessory in carbonatite rocks and its composition can provide
useful insights on petrogenetic and post-magmatic metal-enrichment processes, especially …

Industrial process modeling is increasingly accessible through computational chemistry
packages. Computational Thermochemistry (CT) is particularly convenient for exploring the …

Exploring new ways to acquire niobium resources is essential to resolve niobium supply
risks, due to the fact that, at present, 99% of niobium is controlled by only two countries. In …

Mineralized carbonatite systems are multi-commodity, highly sought after, but poorly
understood exploration targets (Mariano, 1989a, b; Pell, 1996; Birkett and Simandl, 1999) …