Sporadic E (Es) and related processes are reviewed as functions of viewing system, latitude
and altitude. We find that the “windshear theory”—perhaps with a small added external …

The subject of this review is the atmospheric chemistry of the metals that ablate from
meteoroids at altitudes between 70 and 120 km in the Earth's atmosphere. Before describing …

Pilot observations were conducted at Arecibo, Puerto Rico, using an all‐sky, image‐
intensified CCD camera system in conjunction with radar, ionosonde, and Global …

We report the first lidar observations of neutral Fe layers with gravity wave signatures in the
thermosphere from 110–155 km at McMurdo, Antarctica in May 2011. The thermospheric Fe …

This paper describes a laboratory study into the chemical pathways by which Na+ is
converted to Na in the upper atmosphere. The termolecular clustering reactions of Na+ with …

We discuss a recent sounding rocket experiment which found charged dust in the Earth's
tropical mesosphere. The dust detector was designed to measure small (5000–10000 amu) …

A numerical model has been developed which is capable of simulating all phases of the life
cycle of metallic ions, and results are described and interpreted herein for the typical case of …

Although the existence of thin ionized layers at heights around 100 km has been known for
many years, it is only much more recently that thin neutral metal layers have been observed …

We describe three sporadic layering events observed in the mesospheric metal layers
above Urbana, Illinois, using resonance fluorescence lidars and an MF radar. On June 6–7 …

In this paper, we studied the possible relations between incoming meteors, sporadic E (Es)
layers, and sporadic (or sudden) sodium atom layers (SSLs) using the data from the …