Neuromodulation is a key therapeutic tool for clinicians managing patients with drug‐
resistant epilepsy. Multiple devices are available with long‐term follow‐up and real‐world …

Neurostimulation for epilepsy refers to the application of electricity to affect the central
nervous system, with the goal of reducing seizure frequency and severity. We review the …

Responsive neurostimulation (RNS) devices, able to detect imminent seizures and to rapidly
deliver electrical stimulation to the brain, are effective in reducing seizures in some patients …

Brain stimulation has emerged as an effective treatment for a wide range of neurological and
psychiatric diseases. Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and essential tremor have FDA …

Importance A bidirectional brain-computer interface that performs neurostimulation has been
shown to improve seizure control in patients with refractory epilepsy, but the therapeutic …

The centromedian (CM) and anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) are deep brain
stimulation (DBS) targets for management of generalized, and focal drug resistant epilepsy …

Surgery can cure or significantly improve both the frequency and the intensity of seizures in
patients with medication‐refractory epilepsy. The set of diagnostic and therapeutic …

The current paradigm for treatment of epilepsy begins with trials of antiepileptic drugs,
followed by evaluation for resective brain surgery in drug-resistant patients. If surgery is not …

Background Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients not amenable to epilepsy surgery can
benefit from neurostimulation. Few data compare different neuromodulation strategies …

Objective Pharmaco‐refractory focal motor epileptic seizures pose a significant challenge.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a recently recognized therapeutic option for the treatment of …