The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

Convincing evidence has repeatedly shown that new neurons are produced in the
mammalian brain into adulthood. Adult neurogenesis has been best described in the …

In the adult rodent brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the ventricular-subventricular
zone (V-SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), which are specialized niches in which young …

Aging has a profound and devastating effect on the brain. Old age is accompanied by
declining cognitive function and enhanced risk of brain diseases, including cancer and …

Introduction Neuronal-derived exosomal Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau have been
demonstrated to be biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, no study has …

Lipid droplets are dynamic intracellular lipid storage organelles that respond to the
physiological state of cells. In addition to controlling cell metabolism, they play a protective …

A large population of neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) persists in the ventricular–
subventricular zone (V-SVZ) located in the walls of the lateral brain ventricles. V-SVZ NSCs …

The barrier between the blood and the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is located at the
choroid plexuses. At the interface between two circulating fluids, these richly vascularized …

The choroid plexus (ChP) is the principal source of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which has
accepted roles as a fluid cushion and a sink for nervous system waste in vertebrates …

Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for
studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have …