Low back pain (LBP), as a leading cause of disability, is a common musculoskeletal disorder
that results in major social and economic burdens. Recent research has identified …

Intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration is a natural progression of the aging process.
Degenerative disk disease (DDD) is a pathologic condition associated with IVD that has …

With an aging population, there is a proportional increase in the prevalence of intervertebral
disc diseases. Intervertebral disc diseases are the leading cause of lower back pain and …

Musculoskeletal disorders represent a major cause of disability and morbidity globally and
result in enormous costs for health and social care systems. Development of cell-based …

Low back pain is a major physical and socioeconomic problem. Degeneration of the
intervertebral disc and especially that of nucleus pulposus (NP) has been linked to low back …

Background Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) offer potential as a
therapeutic option for chronic discogenic low back pain (LBP) because of their …

Low back pain (LBP), frequently associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, is a
major public health concern. LBP is currently managed by pharmacological treatments and …

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common disease that increases with age, and its
occurrence is stressful both psychologically and financially. Stem cell therapy for IDD is …

Lower back pain (LBP) occurs in 80% of adults in their lifetime; resulting in LBP being one of
the biggest causes of disability worldwide. Chronic LBP has been linked to the degeneration …

Objective This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the changing role of
transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in intervertebral disc (IVD) health and …