In this review, we will discuss what is known, what is suspected, and what still remains
obscure about the central role played by coreceptor expression and usage in the …

Over the past three decades of intense research on the contribution of viral and host factors
determining the variability in HIV-1 infection outcome, HIV pathogenesis is still a fascinating …

The coreceptor discoveries revealed new insights into host and viral factors influencing HIV
transmission and disease. The HIV/coreceptor interaction has become a major target for the …

Viruses of the subfamily Orthoretrovirinae are defined by the ability to reverse transcribe an
RNA genome into DNA that integrates into the host cell genome during the intracellular virus …

Monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells play an important role in the initial infection
and contribute to its pathogenesis throughout the course of infection. Myeloid cells express …

The CC chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is a key player in HIV infection due to its major
involvement in the infection process. Investigations into the role of the CCR5 coreceptor first …

Transmission of HIV first results in an acute infection, followed by an apparently
asymptomatic period that averages ten years. In the absence of antiretroviral treatment, most …

Gene therapeutic strategies show promise in controlling human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV) infection and in restoring immunological function. A number of efficacious anti-HIV …

ABSTRACT CCR5 Δ 32 is a loss-of-function mutation that abolishes cell surface expression
of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coreceptor CCR5 and provides genetic …

HIV infects macrophages and microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), which express
lower levels of CD4 than CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood. To investigate mechanisms of …