Neutrophils have traditionally been thought of as simple foot soldiers of the innate immune
system with a restricted set of pro-inflammatory functions. More recently, it has become …

Leptospirosis is a neglected tropical zoonosis caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the
genus Leptospira. Infected reservoir animals, typically mice and rats, are asymptomatic …

At present, noncoding small RNAs are recognized as key players in novel forms of
posttranscriptional gene regulation in most eukaryotes. However, canonical small RNA …

NETosis is a process by which neutrophils extrude their DNA together with bactericidal
proteins that trap and/or kill pathogens. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of …

Objective To identify the major infiltrating phagocytes during leptospirosis and examine the
killing mechanism used by the host to eliminate Leptospira interrogans. Methods Major …

Although Leptospira can infect a wide range of mammalian species, most studies have been
conducted in golden Syrian hamsters, a species particularly sensitive to acute disease …

Excessive neutrophils are recruited to damaged tissue and cause collateral injury under
chronic inflammatory conditions. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) modulates kinds of …

Leptospirosis is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Humans can be
infected after exposure to contaminated urine of reservoir animals, usually rodents, regarded …

Minthostachys verticillata essential oil (EO) is a natural product that reports
immunomodulatory effects on human T cells as well as anti-inflammatory activity. Bovine …

Pathogenic spirochetes from genus Leptospira are etiologic agents of leptospirosis. Cellular
vaccines against Leptospira infection often elicit mainly response against the LPS antigen of …