Glioblastoma (GBM) is a primary tumor of the brain defined by its uniform lethality and
resistance to conventional therapies. There have been considerable efforts to untangle the …

This paper reviews the body of evidence that major depression is accompanied by a
decreased antioxidant status and by induction of oxidative and nitrosative (IO&NS) …

In response to physiological and psychogenic stressors, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA) axis orchestrates the systemic release of glucocorticoids (GCs). By virtue of nearly …

Proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, have been implicated in the cellular and
behavioral effects of stress and in mood disorders, although the downstream signaling …

Recently, the inflammatory and neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression was
formulated (Maes et al., 2009), ie the neurodegeneration and reduced neurogenesis that …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are hormones released during the stress response that are well
known for their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties; however, recent …

In the 15 years since the publication of two previous reviews on restraint stress much
advancement has been made in the field. However, while previous reviews have focused …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in regulating the inflammatory and immune
response and have been used since decades to treat various inflammatory and autoimmune …

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book
provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of …

The immunosuppressive nature of glucocorticoids has been well documented both in vitro
and in vivo. This glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression has also been observed in …