Chitin, the second most important natural polymer in the world, and its N-deacetylated
derivative chitosan, have been identified as versatile biopolymers for a broad range of …

Mollusk shell 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Diversity of mollusk classes 3. Structural, microstructural
and ultrastructural considerations on the shell 3.1. Structure of the shell and mineralogy 3.2 …

Molluscs comprise the second largest phylum of animals (after arthropods), occurring in
virtually all habitats. Some are commercially important, a few are pests and some carry …

Nacre, the iridescent material found in pearls and shells of molluscs, is formed through an
extraordinary process of matrix-assisted biomineralization. Despite recent advances, many …

Ancient DNA research has been revolutionized following development of next-generation
sequencing platforms. Although a number of such platforms have been applied to ancient …

The capacity to biomineralize is closely linked to the rapid expansion of animal life during
the early Cambrian, with many skeletonized phyla first appearing in the fossil record at this …

Biomineralization research on mollusc shells has mostly focused on nacre formation. Chitin,
silk fibroin protein, and acidic macromolecules are important components for shell formation …

The calcifying shell is an excellent model for studying biomineralization and evolution.
However, the molecular mechanisms of shell formation are only beginning to be elucidated …

This study investigates the three-dimensional structure of the eight plate exoskeletal (shell)
assembly of the chiton Tonicella marmorea. X-ray micro-computed tomography and 3D …

Waste and low-cost lignocellulosic biomasses are well studied and widely used as raw
materials for porous carbon adsorbents. Much less attention is given to the exploration of the …