Bipolar disorders are a complex group of severe and chronic disorders that includes bipolar
I disorder, defined by the presence of a syndromal, manic episode, and bipolar II disorder …

Many cellular functions are regulated by calcium (Ca2+) signals that are generated by
different signaling pathways. One of these is the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate/calcium …

Abstract Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) may be the busiest kinase in most cells, with
over 100 known substrates to deal with. How does GSK3 maintain control to selectively …

Lithium is a key component in green energy storage technologies and is rapidly becoming a
metal of crucial importance to the European Union. The different industrial uses of lithium …

Autophagy is an essential degradation pathway in clearing abnormal protein aggregates in
mammalian cells and is responsible for protein homeostasis and neuronal health. Several …

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. The etiology of
AD is considered to be multifactorial as only a negligible percentage of cases have a familial …

Lithium has been used for over half a century for the treatment of bipolar disorder as the
archetypal mood stabilizer, and has a wealth of empirical evidence supporting its efficacy in …

Lithium is a well-established therapeutic option for the acute and long-term management of
bipolar disorder and major depression. More recently, based on findings from translational …

Illness staging is widely utilized in several medical disciplines to help predict course or
prognosis, and optimize treatment. Staging models in psychiatry in general, and bipolar …

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether cognitive impairment is prevalent in the remitted state
of unipolar disorder. AIM: To evaluate whether cognitive function is impaired in the remitted …