Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous
system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB …

Inflammation is a fundamental defensive response to harmful stimuli, but the overactivation
of inflammatory responses is associated with most human diseases. Reactive oxygen …

Despite the multiple ongoing and novel initiatives for developing brain-targeted drug
delivery systems, insurmountable obstacles remain. A perfect drug delivery device that can …

Natural plants have been gaining increasing attention in biomedical research due to their
numerous benefits. One of the plant's components, plant exosome-derived vesicles, are …

Lipid-based polymeric nanoparticles are the highly popular carrier systems for cancer drug
therapy. But presently, detailed investigations have revealed their flaws as drug delivery …

A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with
biomembranes, such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate multiple physiological functions; however, the over-
accumulation of ROS causes premature aging and/or death and is associated with various …

As a progressive, irreversible neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD)
continues to be a serious public health problem worldwide. Currently, the most available …

Exosomes (EXOs) were given attention as an extracellular vesicle (EV) with a pivotal
pathophysiological role in the development of certain neurodegenerative disorders (NDD) …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central neurodegenerative disorder characterized by
behavioral disturbance and progressive cognitive impairment, and it is common in pre …