Oriented behaviour is present in almost all animals, indicating that it is an ancient feature
that has emerged from animal brains hundreds of millions of years ago. Although many …

Originally a genetic model organism, the experimental use of Drosophila melanogaster has
grown to include quantitative behavioral analyses, sophisticated perturbations of neuronal …

Flexible behaviors over long timescales are thought to engage recurrent neural networks in
deep brain regions, which are experimentally challenging to study. In insects, recurrent …

Path integration is a widespread navigational strategy in which directional changes and
distance covered are continuously integrated on an outward journey, enabling a straight-line …

How, why, and when consciousness evolved remain hotly debated topics. Addressing these
issues requires considering the distribution of consciousness across the animal …

The central complex, a set of neuropils in the center of the insect brain, plays a crucial role in
spatial aspects of sensory integration and motor control. Stereotyped neurons interconnect …

The central complex is a highly conserved insect brain region composed of morphologically
stereotyped neurons that arborize in distinctively shaped substructures. The region is …

To navigate in the world, an animal's brain must produce commands to move, change
direction, and negotiate obstacles. In the insect brain, the central complex integrates multiple …

To what degree are non-human animals conscious? We propose that the most meaningful
way to approach this question is from the perspective of functional neurobiology. Here we …

Highlights•Visual and multimodal memory of locations could be stored in the mushroom
bodies.•Central complex provides aspatial reference frame for integration of directional …