The plasma [kynurenine]/[tryptophan] ratio and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase: time for appraisal
AAB Badawy, G Guillemin - International Journal of …, 2019 - journals.sagepub.com
The plasma kynurenine to tryptophan ([Kyn]/[Trp]) ratio is frequently used to express or
reflect the activity of the extrahepatic Trp-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase …
reflect the activity of the extrahepatic Trp-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase …
The new '5-HT'hypothesis of depression: cell-mediated immune activation induces indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, which leads to lower plasma tryptophan and an …
M Maes, BE Leonard, AM Myint, M Kubera… - Progress in neuro …, 2011 - Elsevier
This paper reviews the body of evidence that not only tryptophan and consequent 5-HT
depletion, but also induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the detrimental …
depletion, but also induction of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and the detrimental …
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with HIV disease progression and tryptophan catabolism
Progressive HIV infection is characterized by dysregulation of the intestinal immune barrier,
translocation of immunostimulatory microbial products, and chronic systemic inflammation …
translocation of immunostimulatory microbial products, and chronic systemic inflammation …
[HTML][HTML] Inhibition of allogeneic T cell proliferation by indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase–expressing dendritic cells: mediation of suppression by tryptophan metabolites
P Terness, TM Bauer, L Röse, C Dufter… - The Journal of …, 2002 - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme involved in the catabolism of
tryptophan, is expressed in certain cells and tissues, particularly in antigen-presenting cells …
tryptophan, is expressed in certain cells and tissues, particularly in antigen-presenting cells …
Kynurenine pathway metabolites in humans: disease and healthy states
Y Chen, GJ Guillemin - International journal of tryptophan …, 2009 - journals.sagepub.com
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can be metabolised through different pathways, a
major route being the kynurenine pathway. The first enzyme of the pathway, indoleamine-2 …
major route being the kynurenine pathway. The first enzyme of the pathway, indoleamine-2 …
Tryptophan Catabolism by Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Alters the Balance of TH17 to Regulatory T Cells in HIV Disease
The pathogenesis of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses is characterized by CD4+
T cell depletion and chronic T cell activation, leading ultimately to AIDS. CD4+ T helper (TH) …
T cell depletion and chronic T cell activation, leading ultimately to AIDS. CD4+ T helper (TH) …
[HTML][HTML] Tryptophan‐derived serotonin‐kynurenine balance in immune activation and intestinal inflammation
Endogenous tryptophan metabolism pathways lead to the production of serotonin (5‐
hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are …
hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are …
Metabolites: messengers between the microbiota and the immune system
The mammalian intestine harbors one of the largest microbial densities on Earth,
necessitating the implementation of control mechanisms by which the host evaluates the …
necessitating the implementation of control mechanisms by which the host evaluates the …
Monitoring tryptophan metabolism in chronic immune activation
K Schröcksnadel, B Wirleitner, C Winkler, D Fuchs - Clinica chimica acta, 2006 - Elsevier
The essential amino acid tryptophan is a constituent of proteins and is also a substrate for
two important biosynthetic pathways: the generation of neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine …
two important biosynthetic pathways: the generation of neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine …
Tryptophan catabolism and T-cell tolerance: immunosuppression by starvation?
AL Mellor, DH Munn - Immunology today, 1999 - cell.com
Some macrophages inhibit microbial infections by producing indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase
(IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan. Here, Andrew Mellor and David Munn discuss …
(IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan. Here, Andrew Mellor and David Munn discuss …