In 2016, nearly 60% of the population of India open defecated, which was 4 times the global
rate, and reducing open defecation (OD) in India will be essential in meeting the 2030 …

This paper reports the findings of a cluster-randomized control study to assess the impact of
India's flagship sanitation program, as implemented in Punjab, that aimed to eliminate the …

This article examines the social valuation of the external environment used for open
defecation (OD). For this, we distinguish between the necessity-driven OD hypothesis that …

In 2021, the Lancet Commission on adolescent nutrition highlighted the need to prioritise the
elimination of adolescent malnutrition to tap the human capital potential and break the …

This note examines recent trends in infant mortality in India, based on summary reports from
the Sample Registration System (SRS). We find evidence of slowdown, pauses, and …

While poverty-targeted subsidies have shown promise as a means of reducing financial
constraints on low-income populations to invest in new latrines, concerns have been raised …

Sanitation is at the heart of public health policies in most of the developing world, where
around 85% of the population still lack access to safe sanitation. We study the effectiveness …

Manual scavenging is the practice of 'manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise
handling, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or pit', and its existence …

Abstract Background The Indian Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched in 2014 with
the goal to make India open defecation (OD) free by October 2019. Although it is known that …

Abstract The Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural (SBM-R) is a flagship programme aimed at
ending open defecation in rural India. In this paper, we study institutions and processes …