Increasing frequency of extreme weather events, driven by climate change, coupled with
growing population densities, have contributed to an increasing demand for coastal …

Human population density within 100 km of the sea is approximately three times higher than
the global average. People in this zone are concentrated in coastal cities that are hubs for …

The construction of artificial structures, such as seawalls, is increasing globally, resulting in
loss of habitat complexity and native species biodiversity. There is increasing interest in …

In order to enhance the ecological value of vertical hard coastal structures, hybrid designs
with complex surface textures (such as a combination of grooves and pits) have been …

Concrete is one of the most commonly used materials in the construction of coastal and
marine infrastructure despite the well known environmental impacts which include a high …

Increasing human population, urbanisation, and climate change have resulted in the
proliferation of hard coastal infrastructure such as seawalls and breakwaters. There is …

The rock type used in coastal engineering structures impacts biodiversity, but its effect has
been understudied to date. We report here on whether different combinations of rock …

1.4. Background The marine environment is highly biodiverse, and this biodiversity provides
essential goods and services to humans and enhances human well-being (Gamfeldt et al …

The urbanisation and hardening of shorelines is likely to continue in response to coastal
population growth and climate change. To mitigate associated ecological impacts …

In response to the environmental damage caused by urbanization, Nature-based Solutions
(NbS) are being implemented to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem processes with mutual …