Plasticity in animal behaviour relies on the ability to integrate external and internal cues from
the changing environment and hence modulate activity in synaptic circuits of the brain. This …

Background Most animals, including humans and insects, consume foods based on their
senses. Feeding is mostly regulated by taste and smell. Recent insect studies shed insight …

Although painful stimuli elicit defensive responses including escape behavior for survival,
starved animals often prioritize feeding over escape even in a noxious environment. This …

Living organisms rely on pH levels for a multitude of crucial biological processes, such as
the digestion of food and the facilitation of enzymatic reactions. Among these organisms …

The TRP channel superfamily was widely found in multiple species. They were involved in
many extrasensory perceptions and were important for adapting to the environment. The …

Understanding how the brain controls nutrient storage is pivotal. Transient receptor potential
(TRP) channels are conserved from insects to humans. They serve in detecting …

The ectodermal derivatives of the gut are the stomodeum and the proctodeum. The
proctodeum is formed concurrently with germ-band elongation [Images] while formation of …