Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Treatment of Opioid-Use Disorders | New England Journal of Medicine Skip to main content The
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What is known and objective Opioid use in the United States has reached unprecedented—
some would even say crisis—levels. Although many individuals use opioid drugs as part of …

Relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of addiction. During the last
several decades, this clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using classic …

In human addicts, drug relapse and craving are often provoked by stress. Since 1995, this
clinical scenario has been studied using a rat model of stress-induced reinstatement of drug …

Research on the neural substrates of drug reward, withdrawal and relapse has yet to be
translated into significant advances in the treatment of addiction. One potential reason is that …

Drug addiction is a neuropsychiatric disorder with grave personal consequences that has an
extraordinary global economic impact. Despite decades of research, the options available to …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of human drug
addiction. This clinical scenario has been studied at the preclinical level using different …

Lifetime relapse rates remain a major obstacle in addressing the current opioid crisis.
Relapse to opioid use can be modeled in rodent studies where drug self-administration is …

Opioid drugs are potent modulators of many physiological and psychological processes.
When given acutely, they can elicit the signature responses of euphoria and analgesia that …