Neuropeptides in insects act as neuromodulators in the central and peripheral nervous
system and as regulatory hormones released into the circulation. The functional roles of …

Despite their ubiquitous presence in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the
behavioral functions of peptide co-transmitters remain to be elucidated. The marine mollusc …

In insects, peptidergic neurons of the central nervous system regulate the synthesis of the
main developmental hormones. Neuropeptides involved in this neuroendocrine cascade …

The central neuroendocrine system in the Drosophila brain includes two centers, the pars
intercerebralis (PI) and pars lateralis (PL). The PI and PL contain neurosecretory cells …

The crustacean stomatogastric ganglion, which is situated in the ophthalmic artery, can be
modulated by both intrinsically released molecules and hormones. In the crab Cancer …

In crustaceans, circulating hormones influence many physiological processes. Two
neuroendocrine organs, the sinus gland (SG) and the pericardial organ (PO), are the …

To complete each molting cycle, insects display a stereotyped sequence of behaviors to
shed the remains of the old cuticle. These behavioral routines, as well as other related …

The insect ventral nerve cord consists of metamerically repeated ganglia subserving the
thoracic and abdominal segments. The abdominal ganglia control basic functions such as …

Intrinsic and extrinsic neuromodulation are both thought to be responsible for the flexibility of
the neural circuits (central pattern generators) that control rhythmic behaviors. Because the …

Many neurons contain multiple peptide cotransmitters in addition to their classical
transmitters. We are using the accessory radula closer neuromuscular system of Aplysia …