Abstract Knowledge of the relationships and thus the classification of fungi, has developed
rapidly with increasingly widespread use of molecular techniques, over the past 10–15 …

Coping with Biological Growth on Stone Heritage Objects: Methods, Products, Applications,
and Perspectives offers hands-on guidance for addressing the specific challenges involved …

Local granite has been used throughout history in Galicia (NW Spain), forming the basis of
much of the region's architecture. Like any other rock, granite provides an ecological niche …

Temperature and moisture conditions are key drivers of stone weathering processes in both
natural and built environments. Given their importance in the breakdown of stone, a detailed …

Ignimbrites are used extensively in masonry and decorative cladding not only in historical
structures, but also in residential houses recently as well as monuments around Ahlat (Bitlis …

Mosses are a common type of organism found colonising stone in both the natural and built
environment. People responsible for managing and conserving historic buildings often worry …

Purpose Birds are implicated in spoiling and decay of buildings, especially through their
droppings. Pigeons are considered the main culprits, and several studies have examined …

The breakdown of rocks and engineering materials in marine environments is both
enhanced and retarded by surface‐colonizing marine organisms (seaweed, barnacles, etc.) …

Trees possess the potential to safeguard outdoor cultural heritage through the regulation of
microclimates in their surroundings. The Leaf Area Index (LAI), a collective measure of the …

On the stone cultural heritage, the influence of architecture-related microenvironmental
features on lichen diversity, abundance and consequent threats for conservation has been …