Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors.
Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of …

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating gastrointestinal cancer characterized by late diagnosis,
limited treatment success and dismal prognosis. Exocrine tumours account for 95% of …

Mitochondrial dysfunction constitutes one of the hallmarks of aging and is characterized by
irregular mitochondrial morphology, insufficient ATP production, accumulation of …

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to
cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis …

Macroautophagy (referred to here as autophagy) is induced by starvation to capture and
degrade intracellular proteins and organelles in lysosomes, which recycles intracellular …

Cells use mitophagy to remove dysfunctional or excess mitochondria, frequently in response
to imposed stresses, such as hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Mitochondrial cargo …

Mitophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process which selectively eliminates
dysfunctional mitochondria by targeting them to the autophagosome for degradation …

Owing to the dominant functions of mitochondria in multiple cellular metabolisms and distinct
types of regulated cell death, maintaining a functional mitochondrial network is fundamental …

(Macro) autophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived
proteins and organelles. Autophagy is initiated by double-membraned structures, which …

Autophagy plays an important role in cellular quality control and is responsible for removing
protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles. Bnip3 is an atypical BH3-only protein that …