In the last three decades, genetic studies have played an increasingly important role in
exploring human history. They have helped to conclusively establish that anatomically …

Human cultural traits—behaviors, ideas, and technologies that can be learned from other
individuals—can exhibit complex patterns of transmission and evolution, and researchers …

The genes coding for the main molecules involved in the human immune system–
immunoglobulins, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and killer‐cell immunoglobulin …

APOL1 variants are associated with HIV-associated nephropathy and FSGS in African
Americans. The prevalence of these variants in African populations with CKD in HIV-1 …

The Y chromosome and the mitochondrial genome have been used to estimate when the
common patrilineal and matrilineal ancestors of humans lived. We sequenced the genomes …

Nearly 20 y ago, Jared Diamond and Peter Bellwood reviewed the evidence for the
associated spread of farming and large language families by the demographic expansions …

Background Comparisons of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and
paternally-inherited non-recombining Y chromosome (NRY) variation have provided …

The expansion of Bantu languages represents one of the most momentous events in the
history of Africa. While it is well accepted that Bantu languages spread from their homeland …

Within-population genetic diversity is greatest within Africa, while between-population
genetic diversity is directly proportional to geographic distance. The most divergent …

Interactions between HLA class I molecules and killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
(KIR) control natural killer cell (NK) functions in immunity and reproduction. Encoded by …