With the global climate anomalies and the destruction of ecological balance, the water
shortage has become a serious ecological problem facing all mankind, and drought has …

Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …

Recurrent heat stress and pathogen invasion seriously threaten crop production, and abiotic
stress often antagonizes biotic stress response against pathogens. However, the molecular …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …

Plants often encounter unfavorable environmental conditions because of their sessile
lifestyle. These adverse factors greatly affect the geographic distribution of plants, as well as …

Environmental stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, or pathogen infection
can have a devastating impact on plant growth and yield under field conditions …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenously produced by several plant organelles
and compartments, particularly those with high electron transport rates, such as chloroplasts …

With modern day urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal (HM) contamination has
become a prime concern for today's society. The impacts of metal contamination on …

Plants are constantly confronted to both abiotic and biotic stresses that seriously reduce their
productivity. Plant responses to these stresses are complex and involve numerous …

Salt tolerance is an important constrain for rice, which is generally categorized as a typical
glycophyte. Soil salinity is one of the major constraints affecting rice production worldwide …