Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have marked only the beginning of the
potential of this technique. To bring structure into cell biology, the modality of cryo-electron …

The combination of cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram analysis affords 3D high-
resolution views of biological macromolecules in their native cellular environment, or in situ …

Cryo-focused ion beam milling has substantially advanced our understanding of molecular
processes by opening windows into cells. However, applying this technique to complex …

Chemical synapses are the major sites of communication between neurons in the nervous
system and mediate either excitatory or inhibitory signaling. At excitatory synapses …

Electron tomography of frozen, hydrated samples allows structure determination of
macromolecular complexes that are embedded in complex environments. Provided that the …

Eukaryotic viruses assemble compartments required for genome replication, but no such
organelles are known to be essential for prokaryotic viruses. Bacteriophages of the family …

Filoviruses, including the Ebola and Marburg viruses, cause hemorrhagic fevers with up to
90% lethality. The viral nucleocapsid is assembled by polymerization of the nucleoprotein …

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) has the potential to reveal cell structure down to atomic
resolution. Nevertheless, cellular cryo-ET data is highly complex, requiring image …

Pyrenoids are subcompartments of algal chloroplasts that increase the efficiency of Rubisco-
driven CO 2 fixation. Diatoms fix up to 20% of global CO 2, but their pyrenoids remain poorly …

Determining the structure and mechanisms of all individual functional modules of cells at
high molecular detail has often been seen as equal to understanding how cells work …