Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition. Today, there is a urgent need to find indicators of the
disease. Specifically, they could be useful to improve the diagnosis and the early detection …

Electrophysiological investigations reveal a great deal about the organization and function
of the retina. In particular, investigations of explanted retinas with multi electrode arrays are …

Background Previous studies have suggested that processing of visual contrast information
could be altered in major depressive disorder. To clarify the changes at different levels of the …

Objectives Abnormal retina structures, such as thinner retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), have
been frequently reported in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the …

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major public health problem. The retina is
a relevant site to indirectly study brain functioning. Alterations in retinal processing were …

The electroretinogram has revealed photoreceptor, bipolar cell, and, in one prior study,
retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction in schizophrenia. The structural abnormalities of the …

Men with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) with or without psychopathy (+/− P) are
responsible for most violent crime in society. Development of effective treatments is hindered …

Cannabis use is widespread worldwide, but the impact of smoking cannabis regularly on
brain synaptic transmission has only been partially elucidated. The retina is considered as …

Background Bipolar disorders (BD) is a common, chronic and disabling psychiatric
condition. In addition to being characterized by significant clinical heterogeneity, notable …

The ability to navigate and orient in spatial surroundings is critical for effective daily
functioning. Such ability is perturbed in clinically diagnosed mood and anxiety disorders …