Polymer electrolyte fuel cells, including acidic proton exchange membrane fuel cells
(PEMFCs) and alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), are the types of the …

The emergence of alkaline polyelectrolytes (APEs) with high stability and high ionic
conductivity has greatly improved the power density of alkaline polyelectrolyte fuel cells …

Completely precious metal-free alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells (APEFCs) are
hindered by the lack of active non-precious metal hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) …

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) that operate at high pH, offer the advantage
of enabling the use of abundant 3d-transition metal-based electrocatalysts. While they have …

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for harnessing the clean energy stored in
hydrogen and inexpensive metals, but its practicality has been severely hampered by the …

Rechargeable zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have been extensively studied due to their due to
their high energy and power density, high safety and cost-effectiveness, which are …