Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE) is the most toxic virulence factor of the pathogenic bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This review describes current knowledge about the intoxication …

The clostridial neurotoxins responsible for tetanus and botulism are metallo‐proteases that
enter nerve cells and block neurotransmitter release via zinc‐dependent cleavage of protein …

The fifth edition of Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections in Animals tries to capture the many
fascinating and rapid developments in our understanding of how major bacterial pathogens …

Proteolytic cleavage of the protective antigen (PA) protein of anthrax toxin at residues 164-
167 is necessary for toxic activity. Cleavage by a cellular protease at this sequence, Arg-Lys …

Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is a highly toxic protein secreted by the opportunistic
pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The modular structure and corresponding mechanism …

Diphtheria toxin is one of the most extensively studied and well understood bacterial toxins.
Ever since its discovery in the late 1800's this toxin has occupied a central focus in the field …

Microbial pathogens possess an arsenal of strategies to invade their hosts, evade immune
defences and promote infection. In particular, bacteria use virulence factors, such as …

Until recently, the degradation of aberrant and unassembled proteins retained in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was thought to involve unidentified ER-localized proteases. We …

Synthetic cells, artificial cell‐like particles, capable of autonomously synthesizing RNA and
proteins based on a DNA template, are emerging platforms for studying cellular functions …

Crosspresentation of exogenous antigens (Ags) to CD8+ T cells by dendritic cells generally
requires their entry into the cytosol. Here we show that both soluble and phagocytosed …