Intracellular bacteria are endowed with the capacity to survive and replicate inside
mononuclear phagocytes (MP) and, sometimes, within certain other host cells. MP are …

Mycobacteria are endowed with mechanisms through which they can evade the onslaught
of host defense response. These mechanisms are discussed including diminishing the …

The generation of cell-mediated immunity against many infectious pathogens involves the
production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), a key signal of the innate immune system. Yet, for many …

Thalidomide selectively inhibits the production of human monocyte tumor necrosis factor
alpha (TNF-alpha) when these cells are triggered with lipopolysaccharide and other …

The T cell-mediated acquired immune response to infection with Mycobacterium
tuberculosis, both in humans and in experimental models in the mouse, is a complex event …

30 years ago, investigations into the molecular basis of the delayed-type hypersensitivity
reaction (DTH) provided evidence for the first lymphokine activity: a lymphocyte-derived …

Mice were immunized with experimental subunit vaccines based on secreted antigens from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a series of adjuvants, comprising incomplete Freund's …

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is accompanied by acute and chronic inflammatory
infiltrates associated with necrotizing granulomas in lung tissue. The cellular infiltrate is …

Background Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays a pathogenic role in rheumatoid arthritis but
is essential for antimycobacterial host defenses. The risk of reactivation of latent …

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) derived from Staphylococcus aureus is reported to be a ligand of Toll-
like receptor 2 (TLR2). In this study, we demonstrated that lipoproteins obtained from S …