The mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) is a permeability increase of the inner
mitochondrial membrane mediated by a channel, the permeability transition pore (PTP) …

Accumulating evidence reveals that metabolic and cell survival pathways are closely
related, sharing common signaling molecules. Hexokinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of …

A variety of stimuli utilize an increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration as a second
messenger to transmit signals, through Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum or …

Cytochrome c is primarily known for its function in the mitochondria as a key participant in
the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. However, when a cell receives an apoptotic …

The field of mitochondrial ion channels has recently seen substantial progress, including the
molecular identification of some of the channels. An integrative approach using genetics …

The serine/threonine kinase Akt–also known as protein kinase B (PKB)–has emerged as
one of the most frequently activated protein kinases in human cancer. In fact, most, if not all …

Apoptosis is an evolutionary conserved homeostatic process involved in distinct
physiological processes including organ and tissue morphogenesis, development and …

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), also known as mitochondrial porin, is the
most abundant protein in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). VDAC is the channel …

Cardiovascular mortality is a major cause of death among in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a well-known important risk factor for the development of …

Mutations of the mitochondrial PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue)‐induced
kinase1 (PINK1) are important causes of recessive Parkinson disease (PD). Studies on loss …