Drug‐induced skin disease or cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) are terms that
encompass the clinical manifestations of the skin, mucosae and adnexa induced by a drug …

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are type B adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
traditionally defined as unpredictable, dose independent and not related to the drug …

Antimicrobial sulfonamides are important medications. However, their use is associated with
major immune‐mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions with a rate that ranges from 3% to …

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by multi-system
dysfunction resulting in recurrent lung infections and progressive pulmonary disease. CF …

Idiosyncratic drug reactions (IDRs) represent a major health problem, as they are
unpredictable, often severe and can be life threatening. The low incidence of IDRs makes …

ABSTRACT Introduction Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) represent a great challenge
to clinicians due to their unpredictability and severity, notably being potentially fatal. Genetic …

Introduction Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions (DDHRs) represent a major health
problem. They are unpredictable and can cause life-long disability or even death. The …

Background Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but
serious delayed hypersensitivity reaction that can be caused by antibiotic exposure. The …

Background Serum sickness-like reaction (SSLR) is an acute inflammatory condition
affecting predominantly children. The pathophysiology remains unclear, but drugs are …

For most of recorded history, medical treatment was conducted using therapies that would
today be considered complementary or alternative medicine. 1 Medications were typically …