Over the past decades, water scarcity and security have significantly stimulated the
advances of reverse osmosis (RO) technology, which dominates the global desalination …

Membrane separation properties are constrained by a tradeoff relationship between
permeability and selectivity. This tradeoff relationship has been well established for gas …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology is one of the most important technologies for
water treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads …

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely used in various fields including water
treatment and other separation processes, while conventional thin film composite (TFC) …

Semipermeable membranes are the core elements for membrane water desalination
technologies such as commercial reverse osmosis (RO) process and emerging forward …

Membrane-based systems clearly give a proper solution to the ever-increasing demand for
clean water and energy. Polymeric membranes are still employed in energy, filtration, and a …

Polyamide (PA) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes suffer performance decay when exposed
to oxidizing species, limiting their lifetime and increasing operation costs. This article aims at …

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process has become the most promising technology for
desalination to produce purified water. Among numerous polymeric materials used to …

Aromatic polyamide has emerged as the most prominent material for thin film composite
(TFC) reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes. However, these membranes are …

Improving fouling resistance and chlorine stability of aromatic polyamide (PA) thin-film
composite (TFC) reverse osmosis membrane is still of considerable need in desalination …