We examined the relation between different kinds of play behavior (video games,
exergames, board games) in kindergarten (T1) and components of executive function (EF; …

Specific working memory deficits have been documented for different learning disorders
(dyslexia, dyscalculia). Also children with attention deficit disorders (ADHD) have working …

Instrumental music training has been shown to enhance cognitive processing beyond
general intelligence. We examined this assumption with regard to working memory …

In transparent orthographies like German, isolated learning disabilities in either reading or
spelling are common and occur as often as a combined reading and spelling disability …

This study examined the effects of a school-based instrumental training program on the
development of verbal and visual memory skills in primary school children. Participants …

Studies have demonstrated positive associations between music lessons and executive
functions (EFs) in children. Because researchers have focused on comprehensive music …

Previous research has indicated the beneficial effects of music training on executive
functions (EFs) in children. However, researchers have not clearly determined which …

For the future school performance of a child in the fields of literacy and numeracy, the
operational efficiency of working memory is a central predictor. Children affected by dyslexia …

This study assessed the extent to which executive functions (EF), according to their factor
structure in 5‐year‐olds (N= 244), influenced early quantity–number competencies …

Background Given the well-known relation between intelligence and school achievement
we expect children with normal intelligence to perform well at school and those with …