This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

We look back on the discoveries that the tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1 and the
transcription factors STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9 are required for the cellular response to type I …

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great promise for drug discovery and regenerative
medicine owing to their ability to differentiate into any cell type in the body. After more than …

Transcription of the c-fos proto-oncogene is greatly increased within minutes of
administering purified growth factors to quiescent 3T3 cells. This stimulation is the most …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are
associated with insulin resistance and disordered cholesterol homeostasis. We investigated …

Liver and pancreas progenitors develop from endoderm cells in the embryonic foregut.
Shortly after their specification, liver and pancreas progenitors rapidly acquire markedly …

Sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH) are a powerful in vitro tool that can be utilized to
study hepatobiliary drug transport, species differences in drug transport, transport protein …

In vitro liver preparations are increasingly used for the study of hepatotoxicity of chemicals.
In recent years their actual advantages and limitations have been better defined. The cell …

Primary hepatocytes and their cultures are a simple but versatile, well-controlled, and
relatively easy to handle in vitro system that is well-accepted for investigating xenobiotic …

Whether parenchymal or nonparenchymal liver cells play a predominant role in the
pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis has not been firmly established in vivo. We have …