Physical activity (PA) has been central in the life of our species for most of its history, and
thus shaped our physiology during evolution. However, only recently the health …

A large amount of evidence has demonstrated the power of exercise to support cognitive
function, the effects of which can last for considerable time. An emerging line of scientific …

Scientific evidence based on neuroimaging approaches over the last decade has
demonstrated the efficacy of physical activity improving cognitive health across the human …

The forced swim test is based on the progressive immobility a rodent displays when
immersed in a beaker filled with water from where no escape is possible. While the test was …

The complexity of human DNA has been affected by aerobic metabolism, including
endurance exercise and oxygen toxicity. Aerobic endurance exercise could play an …

Objective To review the literature on psychological and biological findings on resilience (ie
the successful adaptation and swift recovery after experiencing life adversities) at the level of …

The brain is the central organ of stress and adaptation to stress because it perceives and
determines what is threatening, as well as the behavioral and physiological responses to the …

Epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones might be crucial for understanding the
molecular basis of complex phenotypes. One reason for this is that epigenetic factors are …

Elite sporting performance results from the combination of innumerable factors, which
interact with one another in a poorly understood but complex manner to mould a talented …

Epigenetic modification refers to heritable changes in gene function that cannot be
explained by alterations in the DNA sequence. The current literature clearly demonstrates …