Heatwaves constitute a major threat to human health and ecosystems. Projected increases
in heatwave frequency and severity thus lead to the need for prediction to enhance …

Soil moisture observations are of broad scientific interest and practical value for a wide
range of applications. The scientific community has made significant progress in estimating …

Caption: Table A. 11. 2. Synthesis table summarising assessments presented in Tables 11.4-
11.21 for hot extremes (HOT EXT.), heavy precipitation (HEAVY PRECIP.), agriculture and …

Year-to-year changes in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems have an essential role in
determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It remains uncertain to what extent …

The Earth System Model EC-Earth3 for contributions to CMIP6 is documented here, with its
flexible coupling framework, major model configurations, a methodology for ensuring the …

Reduced evaporation due to dry soils can affect the land surface energy balance, with
implications for local and downwind precipitation. When evaporation is constrained by soil …

This Report responds to the invitation for IPCC?... to provide a Special Report in 2018 on the
impacts of global warming of 1.5° C above pre-industrial levels and related global …

Global warming alters surface water availability (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P–
E) and hence freshwater resources. However, the influence of land–atmosphere feedbacks …

Although the terrestrial biosphere absorbs about 25 per cent of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions, the rate of land carbon uptake remains highly uncertain, leading to …

Abstract Based on the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports of this thematic issue in Earth
System Dynamics and recent peer-reviewed literature, current knowledge of the effects of …