Midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron development has been an intense area of research
during recent years. This is due in part to a growing interest in regenerative medicine and …

Background: Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules. While several non-P450 enzyme
systems participate in their metabolism, one of the most important is the aldehyde …

Cerebral organoids, three-dimensional cultures that model organogenesis, provide a new
platform to investigate human brain development. High cost, variability, and tissue …

Stem cell–based approaches have received much hype as potential treatments for
neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, transplantation of stem cells or their derivatives in …

Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral
tegmental area regulate extrapyramidal movement and important cognitive functions …

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the ventral midbrain (VM) play vital roles in the regulation of
voluntary movement, emotion and reward. They are divided into the A8, A9 and A10 …

Nurr1, a transcription factor belonging to the orphan nuclear receptor superfamily, is critical
in the development and maintenance of the dopaminergic system and as such it may have …

Dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral mesodiencephalon are essential for the control
of voluntary movement and the regulation of emotion, and are severely affected in …

Multiple aldehyde dehydrogenase genes have been identified in many tissues. Aldehyde
dehydrogenase class 1A1 (ALDH1A1) has been identified as highly expressed in …

In Parkinson's disease (PD), the main pathology is a loss of nigrostriatal dopamine (DA)
neurons. Clinical trials with intrastriatal transplantation of human embryonic mesencephalic …